Both cuts will be about 10 cm long. Your baby will be lifted out through the cuts. If everything is OK, you can ask the doctor to hold your baby up so you can get a first look. The umbilical cord will be cut and your placenta removed. Then the doctors or midwives will check your baby very carefully.
Your doctor will recommend an injection or medicine through an intravenous drip to make your uterus contract and to reduce bleeding. The doctor will stitch the layers of the uterus, muscle, fat and skin in your tummy back together and put a dressing over your wound.
Early skin-to-skin contact helps your baby to stay warm and feel secure. It also lets you and baby bond physically and helps with breastfeeding. You should be able to have it in the operating theatre.
You can ask a midwife to go with you to the recovery room to help you breastfeed your baby. After a general anaesthetic, the midwife or nurses will look after you in the recovery room until you wake up.
The midwives will regularly check your blood pressure, your wound and how much vaginal bleeding you have. After the first 12 hours, a midwife will help you get up so that you can shower.
Babies born late pre-term are generally healthy but may have temporary problems such as jaundice , trouble feeding, problems with breathing, or trouble keeping an even body temperature. You might be impatient to meet your little one, but vaginal delivery usually carries fewer risks than a C-section. Plus, you can come home sooner and recover quicker with a vaginal delivery. If you're interested in having a C-section instead of a vaginal birth, talk about the risks and benefits of both options with your doctor.
Larger text size Large text size Regular text size. The inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancy and elective CS scheduled for 38 complete gestational weeks or later. The exclusion criteria were gestational age below 38 completed gestational weeks, multiple pregnancy, maternal chronic diseases, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, CS due to fetal distress, intra uterine growth restriction, meconium defecation, placenta previa or accreta, fetal abnormalities, CS during the active phase of labor, repeated CS after beginning of uterine contracture, and any other cause of emergency CS.
All patients had two ultrasonography reports in the first trimester, one at 6—9 gestational weeks and the other at 11—14 gestational weeks.
Gestational age was determined based on the date of the last menstrual period LMP. If the difference was more than 5 days, gestational age was estimated based on ultrasound criterion at 6—9 gestational weeks provided that it was confirmed by ultrasound at 11—14 weeks.
In our practice, at least two ultrasound examinations are routinely performed in the first trimester in all pregnant women, one at 6—9 gestational weeks and the other at 11—14 gestational weeks. All ultrasound examinations were performed by a perinatologist or radiologist experienced in obstetric sonography.
Gestational age GA was determined by measuring of the fetal crown-rump-length CRL at 6—9 and 11—14 gestational weeks. The average CRL measurement in mm was derived from three satisfactory images. CRL was converted to the equivalent number of gestational days according to Hadlock et al. All pregnant women received their antenatal care at our hospital. The collected data were maternal age, parity, neonatal weight, and neonatal complications. The following items were considered to evaluate the neonatal outcomes: transient tachypnea of the newborn TTN defined as the presence of tachypnea within hours after birth; respiratory distress syndrome RDS defined as the signs of respiratory distress radiological features and oxygen therapy , sepsis, need for NICU hospitalization, and first minute and fifth minute Apgar scores.
Chi-square test was applied to compare categorical variables. Explanatory variables were considered into the model for adjustment in the following order: maternal age, parity, neonatal weight, first minute Apgar, and fifth minute Apgar.
Data analysis was undertaken using the Stata statistical software, released Totally, CS were performed in our hospital during the study period, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients were enrolled.
Indications for elective caesarean delivery were prior caesarean section in As shown in Table 1 , repeated caesarean was more frequent in mothers who delivered between 38 and 39 gestational weeks compared to mothers who delivered after 39 gestational weeks The weight of neonates born after 39 gestational weeks was significantly higher than neonates born between 38 and 39 gestational weeks mean difference: Also, the one-minute Apgar score was significantly different between the two groups mean difference: 0.
There was no statistical significant difference in other characteristics between the two groups. No significant differences were found in the incidence of neonatal sepsis between the two groups 0.
The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome RDS was 0. Adjusted OR: 2. The incidence of NICU admission was 2. The difference was statistically significant adjusted OR: 2. The incidence of TTN was 1. The adjusted odds ratio of the association between TTN and time of delivery was 2.
Table 2 shows crude and adjusted odds ratio of the association between adverse outcomes and time of delivery. This study showed that elective CS delivery between 38 to 39 gestational weeks is associated with a higher rate of TTN and NICU admission in comparison with elective CS performed after 39 completed gestational weeks.
Other major complications and more serious disorders such as respiratory distress syndrome RDS and sepsis were not significantly different between the two groups. Matsuo et al. In a study of , South Asian and Black women, Balchin et al. Moreover, Trata et al. A retrospective study of singleton pregnant women in Taiwan and Southeast Asia with scheduled cesarean delivery at 38 gestational weeks compared to 39 weeks revealed no statistically significant difference in severe neonatal complications including TTNB, RDS and NICU admission [ 1 ].
In contrast, the rate of NICU admission was higher in our study at 38 gestational weeksthan 39 gestational weeks. Furthermore, most studies on Caucasian and mainly white women have emphasized the improved neonatal outcome in scheduled cesarean deliveries at 39 gestational weeks [ 9 , 10 ]. It has been suggested that difference in the prevalence of respiratory dysfunction at different gestational ages in white and Asian infants can be due to genetic differences when the fetus matures in the uterine [ 7 , 11 ].
Black and Asian infants have mostly shown meconium-stained amniotic fluid, indicating prematurity [ 11 ]. On the other hand, a multicentre clinical trial in Denmark showed that NICU admission was higher in scheduled cesarean delivery at 38 gestational weeks than those born at 39 gestational weeks,even though the difference was not significant [ 5 ].
It can be concluded that race alone cannot determine neonatal complications at different pregnancy ages. The difference of these studies conducted in the Caucasian and Asian communities in terms of the gestational age at the time of scheduled cesarean delivery can be due to differences in the sample size, failure to control confounding variables, or race.
NICU admissions may lead to a large financial burden. Back to Health A to Z. A caesarean section, or C-section, is an operation to deliver your baby through a cut made in your tummy and womb. A caesarean is a major operation that carries a number of risks, so it's usually only done if it's the safest option for you and your baby. A caesarean may be recommended as a planned elective procedure or done in an emergency if it's thought a vaginal birth is too risky.
If there's time to plan the procedure, your midwife or doctor will discuss the benefits and risks of a caesarean compared with a vaginal birth. If you ask your midwife or doctor for a caesarean when there are not medical reasons, they'll explain the overall benefits and risks of a caesarean to you and your baby compared with a vaginal birth.
If you're anxious about giving birth, you should be offered the chance to discuss your anxiety with a healthcare professional who can offer support during your pregnancy and labour. If after discussing all the risks and hearing about all the support on offer you still feel that a vaginal birth is not an acceptable option, you should be offered a planned caesarean.
If your doctor is unwilling to perform the operation, they should refer you to a doctor who will. Most caesareans are carried out under spinal or epidural anaesthetic.
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