What does it mean to have faith? What are the different forms of prayer? As Pontius Pilate says: what is truth? Do Catholics believe in faith healing? I thought scrupulosity was a good thing. We hear so much about what men do in the Bible. Where did the idea of a Pre-Cana program come from? Why do Catholics light so many candles?
Exactly how is the Pope, a human being, infallible? In this era of fake news, is it a sin to share juicy but unsubstantiated reports? How should Catholics decide how to vote? Why is Christianity so negative about the human body? What kind of authority does the church really have? You always hear about Vatican II. What happened at Vatican I? What do you have to do to get kicked out of the church? Have you, personally, been back to Mass yet?
And if so, what was it like? Why is he refusing to serve us? Will the church be different after a time of global crisis? Why would a global pandemic happen? Is God doing this?
What should we do if we can't go to Mass? What is temperance and do we still need it? When we give a blessing, what do we actually do? Does the church teach pacifism? Who are the Fourteen Holy Helpers? Are parishes necessary?
How can I prove the existence of God to atheists? When will there be saints of color the U. How many times has Mary appeared in history and where? Who or what is the Holy Spirit? Is Jesus the Messiah? What exactly is the Easter duty? What are beatitudes, and why are they so important? What are small church communities? Are they the same as base communities? Is that realistic? Has Pope Francis changed church teaching on birth control?
How can I find God in my life? What is prayer? If I attend a wedding with a full Mass on Saturday at 1 p. Why does it matter what you call it? What is the Catholic teaching regarding marriage? Does it say a marriage must be between a baptized man and a baptized woman? What is canon law and why do we have it? Where does the Catholic teaching on abortion come from? Who decided we should have holy days of obligation and what they should be? What do Catholics believe about demons? Why do we have Knights of Columbus?
Why do older folks keep quoting the Baltimore Catechism? Why is Easter Season so long? What should we be doing? What do I need to know about Mary? What is spirituality? What do Catholics believe about the Eucharist? What does it take to be recognized by the church as a saint? Two Americans were beatified by Pope Francis. What do I need to know about them?
The church made Mother Teresa a saint overnight. Why is it taking so long for Bishop Oscar Romero? I'm having trouble finding a religious community that will consider me as a candidate because I'm older. What do I need to know about Laudato Si?
Is God a name, like Allah or Jesus? Why should I go to church? What is the common good? How do I reconcile patriotism and faith? Sometimes it feels like dueling citizenships! Is this valid? With the recent opposition to Muslim immigrants, I wonder: Were Catholics always welcomed here? Is Pope Francis the first Catholic leader to address the environment? Do all Christians basically agree on the purpose of baptism, Eucharist, and ministry? What is natural law? Some of my friends view belief in God as anti-intellectual.
How did the veneration of relics get started? What are Catholics to believe about the Antichrist? How can I understand and explain the Catholic position on contraception? How is it determined that someone is a saint? What can we expect from the Vatican Commission on women deacons? Who were the women at the cross? Is the Bible infallible? Can Catholics practice yoga? Where can Mass be celebrated? I've been told Catholic devotion to saints contradicts what the Bible says about graven images.
Where in the Bible does it say Jesus' birthday is December 25th? Is Jesus truly the Son of God or is it just a story? If you're married, is it still possible to become a priest?
If yes, what are the steps needed? What's a halo, really? Why do Catholics put so much emphasis on Mary and the saints? Is the parish expected to give the pastor and secretary a bonus at Christmas? I recently became a Freemason but feel a calling to be a priest. Do I have a canonical impediment? Is it necessary to attend Mass on Sunday?
I can't go to church because of my job. What should I do? Can Catholics be cremated? Is it a sin to eat meat on Fridays during Lent or just a suggestion? The appointment of several more French cardinals during his pontificate insured a monopoly on the papacy with a continued residence in Avignon. This, of course, left the holy places in Rome unattended and unkempt. John XXII was elected pope at the age of seventy-two and came to the papacy as a brilliant professor of canon law.
He was the bishop of Avignon. Known for his vigorous energy, he set about organizing the papal court and other various administrative reforms. He issued numerous decretals papal letters containing his rulings on a specific matter , and many papal bulls letters of lesser import written by popes.
Additionally, he supported missionary work, was responsible for the papal library in Avignon and a new university in Cahors. His papacy was marred by the hard line stance he took with the Franciscan Spiritualists who were located in Tuscany and Provence. The friars believed in absolute and total poverty, a claim declared heretical by Pope John. He ordered them to return to their order and four of them who refused were burned at the stake.
He did, however, receive the anti-pope, Nicholas, himself a Spiritualist, and showed him mercy and civility for the rest of his life. Pope John interfered in a disputed imperial election involving Frederick of Austria and Louis of Bavaria. This made people who saw clerics charged with crimes being tried under such apparently mild laws believe that the Church was coddling its own. Philip claimed that anyone breaking secular law should be tried in a secular court, but Boniface disagreed, feeling that the Church could not be independent if its personnel could be arrested at any time by secular officials.
This is something of a problem. Let's say that a Catholic priest is accused of raping and murdering a six year-old girl. Should he be turned over to the Church to be dealt with and perhaps be sent to a monastery in the mountains of Italy, or should he face trial in a regular court and perhaps be given a life sentence in Lansing penitentiary without the possibility of parole? Let's turn it around. If the same priest were accused of the same crime in Iran, should he be tried by an Iranian Muslim court?
Can a clergyman charge the government with immorality or unethical conduct -- as many did in the United States during the war in Vietnam -- if he can be accused of some secular crime, arrested, and tried in a government court? On the other hand, should a clergyman be able to claim that he cannot be arrested by civil authorities and tried in a regular court because that would threaten the free speech of other clergymen? The second issue was whether clergymen and church property should be taxed like everyone and everything else.
King Philip pointed out that the Church and its property enjoyed the protection of the secular government, used the roads and harbors that the government provided, and ought to pay for these things like everyone else. Maryland , the state of Maryland wanted to tax a branch of the Bank of the United States. Chief Justice Marshall, in holding that a state could not exercise control over federal agencies within its borders, stated that The power to tax is the power to destroy.
Pope Boniface probably thought much the same. The pope issued the bulls Clericos laicos , which forbad members of the Church to pay secular taxes unless ordered to do so by the pope, and Unam sanctam , in which Boniface declared that the Church was superior to secular governments in all things. A bit of a digression here. A papal bull is not an animal, but an official document in which a pope issues an order to members of the Church or states the Church's position on an important matter.
The word "bull" comes from bullum, a large lead disk that was attached to the most important papal documents and upon which the papal seal was stamped. The name of each papal bull comes from the first two or three words of its text. Anyhow, Philip defied the pope, organized the French bishops and archbishops against Boniface and called a representative assembly, the Estates General.
Boniface tended to bluster, and declared that he would depose Philip. Philip decided to adopt extreme measures, and called upon his chief prosecutor, the villainous William de Nogaret , to handle the matter.
De Nogaret drew up a bill of charges against Boniface, charging him with all sort of ethical, moral, and legal crimes. He then gathered a band of armed men, enemies of the pope, and arrested Boniface and threw him in prison. People were outraged by the use of naked power against what was still a revered office, and Boniface was soon released.
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