Unlike the English walnut, the Black walnut has a much tougher, thicker husk and shell, making it more difficult to process and crack to get to the nut within. At the end of the day, the reasons why these two varieties are the most cultivated is because their nuts are the most sought after, they are the easiest to grow and they are the most resilient to pests. Walnuts are widely considered to be the oldest tree food in the world, with archeological evidence showing the consumption of walnuts by humans from as far back as BC.
The exact origins of each walnut variety are lesser-known, with some people speculating that the English variety originated in Persia hence its other name, the Persian walnut while others consider Kyrgyzstan, a landlocked country bordered by Kazakhstan, to be its birthplace due to the large native walnut forests that grow there. Growing native from the Balkans to the Himalayas and southwest China, and also across much of Europe, the English walnut has adapted well to a variety of growing conditions, making it harder to trace its original heritage.
The Black walnut, on the other hand, requires more specific growing conditions, preferring to grow at the edges of rivers or streams. Originating in North America, the Black walnut variety was not introduced to Europe until the mid 16th century and required a warmer climate with plenty of fertile soil in order to thrive.
The immature and mature fruits of this tree are also consumed. The Brazilian walnut also known as the nogal criolla, or tropical walnut is a tropical tree that is rarely grown in North America, but is sometimes planted as an ornamental shade tree in tropical zones.
The California black walnut can be either a large shrub with one to five main stems, or a small, single-trunked tree. The main trunk often forks close to the ground, making it appear that two trees have grown together.
The California black walnut has deeply channeled thick bark that furrows with maturity. It has the familiar walnut leaves—pinnately compound with 11 to 19 lance-shaped leaflets. The nuts are small, hard, and difficult to remove. This plant may also be called the s outhern California black walnut. This tree is an Old World walnut tree that is called the English walnut, but it actually comes from China. This tree's history reaches back to stories involving Alexander the Great when he first introduced this tree as Persian in origin.
This is the walnut that provides more of the edible walnuts sold in stores. Smooth olive-brown bark on young trees gradually turns silvery gray and rough as the tree ages. The compound leaves are 10 to 16 inches long, clustered in 5 to 9 lance-shaped leaflets. The fruits fall in autumn, and the nuts are relatively thin-shelled with richly flavorful seeds inside.
This tree is also known as the common walnut or Persian walnut. Many named cultivars are available. The north California walnut, also called Hind's black walnut, is a medium-sized tree with a short, bulky look, since the crown is often wider than the height of the tree.
The trunk on mature trees can be 5 to 6 feet in diameter at the base. The leaves are about 1 foot long, with 13 to 21 leaflets with dentate coarsely toothed margins. Juglans hindsii has a controversial conservation status, and some consider it threatened by hybridization with orchard trees, urbanization, and habitat loss. Some authorities consider this plant a variation of the California walnut, giving it the name Juglans californica var.
This is a deciduous tree with light grey bark. The male flowers are yellow-green catkins produced in spring when new foliage appears. The female flowers have attractive pink or reddish pistils. The large leaves up to 24 inches are pinnately compound, with 11 to 17 leaflets that are a lighter green in color than most trees.
Other common names for this tree include heartnut and siebold walnut. The tree is exceptionally hardy down to at least minus 45 degrees F. It has a relatively short vegetation period compared to other walnuts, grows rapidly, and is cultivated as an ornamental in colder temperate regions all over the Northern Hemisphere. Its nuts are edible but small and difficult to extract. The fissured bark is grayish-brown in color.
The tree grows quite fast, achieving its adult size within 20 years. The little walnut is a large shrub or small tree that grows wild along streams and ravines. This plant usually branches out near the ground and has a broad rounded crown. The bark is gray to dark brown and develops deep fissures over time.
Like most landscape trees, walnuts will grow best if they receive full sun. However, walnuts have less tolerance for dry conditions than many trees; they need moist but well-drained soil, and they often struggle in regions that receive less than 25 inches of rain each year. The English walnut has an olive-colored, smooth bark at youth and turns dark gray, rough, and deeply fissured at maturity.
It grows at 65ft max and it is an important walnut because it is where commercially sold walnuts come from. It produces round drupes that turn dark brown or black when they fall to the ground. In Europe, its drupes are pickled and are considered as a native delicacy. It has pinnate leaves with a solitary leaflet at the tip. Compared to butternut and black nuts, the English walnut has fewer leaves. This one is often confused with butternut because they have the same oval shaped leaves and butter-flavored nuts.
The bark is also deeply fissured but with a lighter gray bark, and distinct grooves that look like webs. It reaches a height of 66ft and it has a unique heart-shaped, edible nuts instead of the usual round nuts. The leaves are composed of leaflets per branch, with a coarser texture and lighter green color than other walnuts. Its flowers are salmon pink and bloom during spring. It is also called the heartnut.
It is also called the Texas black walnut and is more of a large shrub than a tree. It grows at a max height of 30ft and thrives in warm climates. Its fruit might be edible but is insignificant because it is more prized for its timber. Its bark is light gray to dark brown, with deep fissures, and furrows that run in random patterns. The leaves are slightly serrated, deep green in color, glossy, with pairs in each branch.
It has drooping branches and forms a rounded crown on top. Its native habitats would be riverbeds and ravines. This is the most cold hardy walnut, thriving in temperatures of up to C. It is native to Eastern Asia and is grown more as an ornamental shrub because its fruits are too small to be harvested and eaten.
Its bark is grayish-brown, and the leaves are pale green in color. Each branch is composed of pairs of leaves with a terminal leaf at the tip. It is fast-growing, reaching up to 60ft sometimes even at ft. It is also called the Chinese walnut and unlike other walnuts, it does not contain any toxic compound. This one grows from a single trunk at a height of 60ft. It has a short and bulky look with a crown that is wider than the tree.
Its foliage is composed of pairs of leaflets per branch and are unique for their coarse texture and serrated margins.
This one is popular in the lumber industry because of its high-grade inner wood. However, this is also the reason why it has been listed as endangered in California. Walnut trees grow in a range of climates but specifically in well drained, deep, and fertile soils.
It also tolerates alkaline, loam soils. It does not thrive in windy and frosty areas but they could only tolerate up to -2C. They generally grow in warm temperatures where they could get full sun but some walnut types could also thrive in harsh winters.
Black walnuts have a growth rate of 2ft annually and reach 75ft in height. To grow black walnuts, here are its care requirements.
Walnuts are not perfect and not generally disease resistant. Here are the most common walnut tree pests and diseases that you should be on the lookout of if you have a walnut orchard at home. The silver lining to this is that some are quite hardy like the black walnut and English walnut.
And given proper care and maintenance, these would not even be a problem. The leaves of walnuts fall by November and enter dormancy all winter.
The best time to prune walnuts would be during the last weeks of winter while it is at its last phase of dormancy and preparing for budding in spring.
Through this, you can easily maintain the shape of the tree and would not disturb new growths for spring. Again, depending on the type, it takes years before walnut seeds could be harvested. The best time to do the harvesting when it is time would be late August to mid-September. To harvest walnuts, you must shake the tree for the hulls to fall. Gather them up before they turn black. The English walnut is a fast-growing walnut.
It has a steady growth rate of ft per year. This walnut type self-pollinates. They are prized for the commercially sold walnuts they produce and are relatively resistant to common walnut diseases.
They grow at a rate of ft per year. This fast growth habit allows the black walnut to reach a height of ft and a shade of 40ft. Most walnut trees have edible seeds. As a matter of fact, you can crack the shell and eat the seeds right away. The best tasting walnut seeds would come from the English walnut trees. They have a rich buttery and earthy taste compared to the more bland and more earthy tastes of other common walnut types. As have been mentioned previously, black walnuts are not prized for their seeds but for their high-grade wood.
Walnuts are also known for their longevity aside from their prized nuts and high-grade wood.
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