Many budding architects of this period would travel to the colonies to start their careers. Of course, due to these geographic differences, there is some variance in style. Below is a list of the most common types of Victorian homes:. Modeled after Italian Renaissance villas, these homes are typically just two stories. In contrast to other Victorian styles, they have low roofs and wide eaves.
However, true to this style of architecture, they also host highly ornamental brackets. These houses tend to start out with a simple rectangular or square base.
A simpler version of the typical Victorian home, Folk Victorians are smaller and square, with much less complex floorplans. No towers here. However, their Victorian roots can still be found on the decorative trim work outlining their porches and roof lines. Most Romanesque Revival mansions share one thing with the Queen Anne houses that the middle class was building at about the same time: they feature a romantic and complex floor plan complete with towers, turrets, many gables, and so on.
The last of the Victorian styles was the Shingle Style , built from about to The style also features little to no external decoration, roomy porches, and a complex roofline. The style was originally created for the super-wealthy, who liked to build vast vacation "cottages" by the sea, but wanted them to look rustic rather than formal. I am not certain if any of those original, vast Shingle Style houses exist or not, because the upkeep of such a huge wooden structure right beside the ocean is daunting — and who is going to bother, once the Victorian age is over?
If anyone out there knows of a surviving room-plus Shingle Style from the 's not including hotels or other commercial buildings , I would be delighted to know about it. The style eventually filtered down to the middle class, and many of the more modest structures they built are still standing. The Shingle Style is considered to be a completely original American style, with no direct European antecedents. The most common Victorian style is Folk Victorian. But the lower reaches of the middle class certainly shared the same Victorian urge to live in a fashionable house, and if they couldn't afford a professional architect, well.
They could design the house themselves, or have a local carpenter do it. In either case, the design was likely to be an unprofessional but possibly still charming pastiche, including elements of styles that were still currently fashionable among the upper crust, and elements of styles that definitely were not.
Also, the house would naturally tend to be smaller and plainer than the what the wealthy could afford. The result is Folk Victorian. This house is sort-of Gothic Revival in terms of its roof line and the two symmetric wings, but the center tower is vaguely like an Italianate villa, and there are some applied decorations that remind one of the Stick Style.
One could call it Queen Anne, since the Queen Anne is also ecclectic — but that is too simplistic. The classic Queen Anne is very elaborate compare this house with the two pictured in the Queen Anne section , and in terms of its complexity, this house is certainly closer in spirit to the Gothic or Stick styles than it is to the Queen Anne.
There are no bay windows, no balconies, no overhangs on the second floor, etc. The exact division between Queen Anne and Folk Victorian is very fuzzy especially considering how many of the smaller Queen Annes were hodge-podged together by local carpenters, rather than designed by architects. But, Folk Victorians were being built long before the Queen Anne style appeared on the scene, and in any case, it is still useful to make a rough distinction between the more expensive, very elaborate, architect-designed Victorians Queen Anne and their less-expensive, plainer, carpenter-designed cousins Folk Victorian.
There is some debate as to whether another style of the 's, Colonial Revival , is a true Victorian style, or the style which marks the end of the Victorian era. Whatever the case, Colonial Revivalism was certainly a reaction against the extremely elaborate houses which had come to symbolize the High Victorian period.
They have more of a rectangular structure, and they feature narrower windows and columns that are "all ornately adorned with trim, complementing the design scheme throughout. This style originated during the late s in England, but it remained popular in the United States between the mids and mids. You may already be familiar with Gothic architecture from seeing medieval-inspired churches or public buildings—and its influence carried over to residential homes.
Gothic Revival Victorians are characterized by their pointed arches, along with classic Victorian elements like steeply pitched roofs and ornate wood details. Folk Victorian homes take on much less of the signature extravagance that many Victorians feature, but they still incorporate a few key elements.
While Folk Victorians are typically constructed with a more simplistic, common look, they still have the classic detailed trim. These homes were usually built in rural areas and tend to take on the farmhouse feel. The Romanesque Revival style came to United States architecture during the mids, and like Gothic Victorians, its details are comparable to those of many historic churches constructed in the era. It's particularly known for its use on the Smithsonian Institution Building located near Washington, D.
Romanesque Revival homes were typically constructed of brick or stone, and they included large arches, turrets, and carved stone detailing on their exteriors. They stand out from other Victorian styles thanks to their building materials, which tend to have an earthy red color and lack of wood trim.
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That era was, of course, the time when Queen Victoria reigned in Great Britain, from to The advancement of building techniques, the increased accessibility of diverse materials and ideas via new railroad systems, and more widespread house pattern books also further popularized these home styles as well. Each has distinct characteristics noted below , but what they have in common is an emphasis on vertical elements—homes often stood at two or three stories with tall windows and porches—and detailed ornamentation that almost bordered on over-the-top.
After all, a running theme throughout the Victorian era was a prioritization of form over function. Italianate homes were popularized first, beginning in the s and lasting until after the Civil War, drawing inspiration from 16th-century Italian villas. The main structures were fairly simple, rectangular-shaped houses with low sloping or sometimes flat roofs that protrude quite far out from the exterior walls. The windows are tall and skinny, often rounded at the top, and there is trim, trim, and more trim.
Some Italianate homes even feature a square tower or cupola that rises out of the center of the house, adding to the Tuscan villa feel.
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